Phytochemical characteristics and the study of acute toxicity of extracts from fruit Рrunus domestica

Keywords: fruit of the Prunus domestica, phytochemical composition, acute toxicity, medium lethal dose

Abstract

The increased demand for modern phytopreparations is dictated by their wide application in the complex treatment of various diseases, the presence of low toxicity and the pharmacoeconomic component. Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants reveals not only potential therapeutic effects, but also assumes their toxicological properties. In this context, the Prunus domestica, widely spread on the territory of our country and well known for its medicinal properties and applications in folk medicine, has attracted our attention.

The aim of the work was to investigate the phytochemical composition of extracts obtained from fruit Prunus domestica and to study their toxic properties.

Phytochemical analysis of the extracts obtained from fruits Prunus domestica was carried out according to the original method of extracting biologically active compounds, using instrumental research methods using modern laboratory analytical equipment.

Studies of the safety of four extracts from Prunus domestica (liquid EC-1, EC-2 and dry CEPC, CEV) with the calculation of median lethal doses were carried out on mice and rats with the single intragastric and intraperitoneal routes of administration according to the method of T. V. Pastushenko. The degree of toxicity was determined according to the classification of K. K. Sidorov.

Phytochemical study of extracts from fruit Prunus domestica provided information on the presence in their chemical composition of flavonoids, the sum of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, neutral sugars, amino acids, organic and hydroxycinnamic acids. A higher content of the sum of phenolic compounds in the aqueous (ЕС-1) and alcoholic extracts (ЕС-2) as well as the presence of neutral sugars as products of hydrolysis of homopolysaccharides (СEV extract) and heteropolysaccharides (CEPC extract).

Experimental studies proved that EC-1, EC-2, CEPC and SEV extracts had low toxicity beyond 15 000 mg/kg when administered orally and 3 000 mg/kg when administered intraperitoneally. The LD50 of the studied extracts of mice and rats after intraperitoneal injection was determined, which was more than 3 000 mg/kg.

The chemical composition of biologically active compounds of extracts from the fruit Prunus domestica, which provides promising directions for further study of their pharmacological properties, has been investigated.

Analysis of experimental data on acute toxicity of the studied extracts showed that they belong to the IV class of toxicity “relatively harmless substances", according to K. K. Sidorov classification. The LD50 of extracts from the fruit Prunus domestica for oral administration could not be determined, and the LD50 of the studied extracts for mice and rats after intraperitoneal administration was more than 3 000 mg/kg.

References

Aiello E., Russo R., Cristiano C., Calignano A. The safety assessment of herbals with a new and ethical approach // Nat. Prod. Res. – 2018. – V. 32. – P. 1838–1848. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1402316

Klein-Junior L. C., R de Souza M., Viaene J. et al. Quality Control of Herbal Medicines: From Traditional Techniques to State-of-the-art Approaches // Planta Med. – 2021. – V. 87, N 12–13. – P. 964–988. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1529-8339

Roytman M. M., Poerzgen P., Navarro V. Botanicals and Hepatotoxicity // Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2018. – V. 104, N 3. – P. 458–469. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1097

Youssef F. S., Ashour M. L., El-Beshbishy H. A. et al. Pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside: a lignan from prunes (Prunus domestica) attenuates oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia and hepatic toxicity in vitro and in vivo // J. Pharm. Pharmacol. – 2020. – V. 72, N 12. – P. 1830–1839. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13358

Mocan A., Diuzheva A., Carradori S. et al. Development of novel techniques to extract phenolic compounds from Romanian cultivars of Prunus domestica L. and their biological properties // Food Chem. Toxicol. – 2018. – N 119. – P. 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.045

Navarro-Hoyos M., Arnáez-Serrano E., Quesada-Mora S. et al. Polyphenolic QTOF-ESI MS Characterization and the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Prunus domestica Commercial Cultivars from Costa Rica // Molecules. – 2021. – V. 26, N 21. – P. 6493. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216493

Bose M., Kamra M., Mullick R. et al. Identification of a flavonoid isolated from plum (Prunus domestica) as a potent inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus entry // Sci. Rep. – 2017. – V. 7, N 1. – P. 3965. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04358-5

Tomić J., Štampar F., Glišić I. et al. Phytochemical assessment of plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars selected in Serbia // Food Chem. – 2019. – N 299. – P. 125–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125113

Lara M. V., Bonghi C., Famiani F. et al. Stone Fruit as Biofactories of Phytochemicals With Potential Roles in Human Nutrition and Health // Front. Plant Sci. – 2020. – N 11. –P. 562252. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.562252

Cui-Cui Jiang, Zhi-Zhen Fang, Dan-Rong Zhou et al. Changes in secondary metabolites, organic acids and soluble sugars during the development of plum fruit cv. 'Furongli' (Prunus salicina Lindl.) // J. Sci. Food Agric. – 2019. – V. 99, N 3. – P. 1010–1019. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9265

Derzhavna farmakopeya Ukrayiny` / DP «Naukovo–ekspertny`j farmakopejny`j centr». 1-e vy`d. – Xarkiv: RIREG, 2001. – 556 s.

Lenchyk L. V. Determination of Content of Flavonoids, Hydroxycinnamic acids and Volatile compounds in Plum leaves // IJAPBC. – 2016. – V. 5, N 2. – Р. 131–136.

Derzhavna farmakopeya Ukrayiny` / DP «Ukrayins`ky`j naukovy`j farmakopejny`j centr yakosti likars`ky`x zasobiv». 2-e vy`d. – Xarkiv: Ukrayins`ky`j naukovy`j farmakopejny`j centr yakosti likars`ky`x zasobiv, 2015. – T. 1. – 1128 s.

Hordiei K. R., Hontova T. M. Doslidzhennia skladu zhyrnykh ta orhanichnykh kyslot travy maruny divochoi (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz bip.) // Farmаts. zhurn. – 2020. – T. 75, № 5. – S. 61–67. https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.5.20.07

Pastushenko T. V., Marushij P. B., Zhukov A. A. Ekspress-metod opredeleniya srednesmertel'nyh doz himicheski h veshchestv // Gigiena i sanitariya. – 1985. – № 6. – S. 46–49.

Sidorov K. K. O klassifikacii toksichnostі yadov pri parenteral'nyh sposobah vvedeniya. Toksikologiya novyh himicheskih veshchestv. – M.: Medicina, 1973. – Vyp. 13. – S. 47–57.

Published
2022-02-23
How to Cite
Seniuk, I. V., Kravchenko, V. M., & Amin, B. I. (2022). Phytochemical characteristics and the study of acute toxicity of extracts from fruit Рrunus domestica. Farmatsevtychnyi Zhurnal, (1), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.1.22.09
Section
General and Clinical Pharmacology